Classification and Working Principles of Sandblasting Machines

1. Suction-Type Sandblasting Machine

General Structure

A complete suction-type sandblasting machine generally consists of six systems:

• Structural system
• Abrasive supply system
• Pneumatic/power system
• Piping system
• Dust collection system
• Control and auxiliary systems

Working Principle

The suction-type sandblasting machine uses compressed air as the power source. High-speed airflow inside the spray gun creates negative pressure, which draws the abrasive through the sandblasting hose into the spray gun. The abrasive is then accelerated and sprayed at high speed onto the workpiece surface to achieve the desired surface treatment.

In a suction-type sandblasting machine, compressed air provides both the suction force that draws the abrasive into the spray gun and the accelerating force that propels the abrasive onto the workpiece.

2. Pressure-Type Sandblasting Machine

General Structure

A complete pressure-type sandblasting machine generally consists of six systems:

• Structural system
• Abrasive supply system
• Pneumatic/power system
• Piping system
• Dust collection system
• Control and auxiliary systems

Working Principle

The pressure-type sandblasting machine uses compressed air as its power source. Compressed air creates pressure inside the abrasive tank, forcing the abrasive through the conveying hose into the spray gun. The abrasive is then accelerated and sprayed onto the workpiece surface at high speed for surface treatment.

In this type of machine, compressed air provides the force required to deliver the abrasive to the spray gun and the acceleration needed to spray it onto the workpiece.

3. Wet Sandblasting Machine

The abrasive used in conventional sandblasting is dry and contains no water, while wet sandblasting uses a mixture of abrasive and water.

Compared with dry sandblasting, the main advantage of wet sandblasting is its ability to significantly reduce dust generated during the blasting process, thereby improving the working environment.

Wet sandblasting machines are generally suction-type systems. Because the abrasive is mixed with water, the blasting process produces substantially less airborne dust and is suitable for applications where dust control is important.

General Structure

A complete wet sandblasting machine generally consists of five systems:

• Structural system
• Abrasive/water supply system
• Piping system
• Control system
• Auxiliary system

Working Principle

The pump supplies the abrasive liquid. The abrasive and water are thoroughly mixed and then transported through the piping system to the spray gun. Compressed air accelerates the abrasive-water mixture, which is sprayed onto the workpiece at high speed.

The abrasive liquid impacts and washes the surface of the workpiece to achieve the required cleaning or surface-treatment effect.